The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to take a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.